Tel Aviv - The mechanism by which melanoma – the most aggressive and deadly type of skin cancer – spreads through the body has been discovered by Tel Aviv University and German Cancer Research (DKFZ) researchers.

The “breakthrough,” just published as the lead article in the journal Nature Cell Biology has raised hope that it will lead to the cancer becoming “nonthreatening and easily curable.”

The researchers, led by TAU’s Dr. Carmit Levy of the human molecular genetics and biochemistry department at TAU’s Sackler School of Medicine, unraveled the metastatic mechanism of melanoma.

The scientists discovered that before spreading to other organs, the tumor sends out tiny vesicles containing molecules of microRNA that induce structural changes in the dermis in preparation for receiving and transporting the cancer cells. The researchers also found chemical substances that can stop the process and are therefore promising drug candidates. 

Melanoma kills one person every 52 minutes (according to data from the international Skin Cancer Foundation), and the number of diagnosed cases has been on the rise for the past 30 years. Despite a range of therapies developed over the years, there is still no full remedy for this life-threatening disease.

“The threat of melanoma is not in the initial tumor that appears on the skin, but rather in its metastasis – cancer cells sent off to colonize in vital organs like the brain, lungs, liver and bones, said Levy. “We discovered how the cancer spreads to distant organs and found ways to stop the process before the metastatic stage.”

The TAU group worked in close collaboration with Prof. Jörg Hoheisel and Laureen Sander at DKFZ in Heidelberg, Dr. Shoshi Greenberger at the Sheba Medical Center and Dr. Ronen Brenner at Wolfson Medical Center in Holon.

The researchers began by examining...read more at VIN